How to Manage Your Finances

Today, I’m going to give advice on managing your cash flow. One of the most important to consider, when managing your personal finances, is to treat yourself as a business. Businesses live and die on cash flow. If a business runs out of cash, it fails.

Managing your cash flow in today’s world is necessary for financial success. The first step is to log all your income sources. For most, this is easy. Include all ways you get money. Obviously the biggest source is probably your job. Others include money from investments, interest, bonuses, child support, alimony, and allowances.

Next, you want to estimate your expenses. Include everything you spend money on. Groceries, gas, tuition, utilities, rent, credit card payments, mortgages, eating out, insurance, and anything else you can think of.

The next step is to put everything into a spreadsheet. This is important because it gives you an easy way to view all the information and make comparisons. Start your spreadsheet with you income page. The spreadsheet will have three columns for each month; estimated, actual, and variance. This will include all those sources of income you just listed. List the items in whatever order you wish, with a summation of total income at the bottom. Then you want to estimate the how much you will earn from each item each month, and sum them at the bottom.

The next page will be your expenses page. This should be set up in the same manner as the income page, except there will be categories. The two major categories are fixed and variable expenses. Fixed expenses are those which you know you will have to pay each month and have a cost which does not change. Examples of fixed expenses are insurance premiums, rent, mortgages, and loan payments. Credit card bills can be included, only if you pay the same amount every month. Variable expenses are everything else. You want to break up your variable expenses into categories, as well. These categories can be anything you like. It is best to break them up in a way which makes it easier for you to visualize. I use food/drink, transportation, entertainment, personal care, wardrobe, and gifts. Then, as with your income, you need to estimate all the expenses for each month. You should do this for at least four months.

Once you have all your income and expenses estimated, you can see if you are at a surplus (extra cash) or deficit (negative cash) and adjust your spending accordingly. The benefit of this is that if you know you are not going to have enough income to cover all your expenses, in a given month, you can do something about it. You can spend less the month before or plan on having to use your credit card. At the end of every month, you need to fill the “actual” column with what you actually earned and spent; then subtract those numbers from your estimates to get your “variance”. The goal is to have your variance equal zero. The closer your variance is to zero, the better you are at estimating your income and expenses.

This is the best way to manage your finances; it gives you an excellent visual breakdown of all your expenses and allows you to adjust. It also connects you with your finances so you are more in touch with what you spend your money on, which is a great way to make sure you don’t over spend.

There are many computer programs which can help you set this up.  I fine Microsoft Excel works best for me. If you have any questions or comments, feel free to leave them below and I will get back to you as soon as I can.

How much house can you buy

One of the major problems in the mortgage industry today is, most potential home buyers over estimate how much home they can afford. I will discuss how your bank evaluates your income and how you can use what the banks use to figure out how much you can spend.

The two major ratios that banks use to determine how much you can afford are the debt to income ratio and the housing expense to income ratio.  The later is calculated by dividing your estimated monthly housing payment by your gross monthly income.  Your estimated monthly housing payment includes the payment of principal, interest, taxes and insurance. This number is expressed as a percentage.

Your debt to income ratio is similar to the housing expense to income ratio, except it includes all your reoccurring debt.  This includes credit cards, auto loans, child support, and any other debts which have a monthly payment.  Most lenders, for conventional loans, those which are not government sponsored want a debt to income ratio under 38% and a housing expense to income ratio less than 30%.  However, these numbers are only guidelines.  Many compensating factors, such as net worth, credit score, and the ability to make a large down payment will allow for higher ratios.

The other factors you need to consider are your down payment amount and closing costs.  Your down payment is mostly your decision and should be based on how much you feel comfortable with.  One of the benefits of a large down payment is you the lower your loan amount to value ratio, the lower your interest rate will be.  The loan to value ratio is calculated by dividing the total loan amount by the appraised value of the home (or the sale price, whichever is lower).  If your LTV is over 80%, you will need private mortgage insurance, which will add to your monthly payment. Your closing costs usually add up to about 2% to 3% of the sale price.  Closing costs are paid at the close of escrow and is due on top of your down payment.

Now let’s do an example.

Say you, the buyer, make $15/hour and you work 40 hours a week.  To find your gross monthly income (income before taxes) we will multiply your hourly wage by your hours per week then by weeks in a year and finally divide by months in a year.

                $15 X 40hours = $600 per week

                $600 X 52weeks = $31,200 per year

                $31,200 / 12months = $2,600 per month

Your gross monthly income is $2,600

Let’s apply the 30% rule to your housing expense to income ratio.

                $2,600 X .3 = $780

This means, to have a hosing expense to income ratio of 30%, your maximum monthly house payment cannot exceed $780.

Now let’s do the same for your debt to income ratio, DTI.  Say you have an auto loan which you pay $150 per month, a credit card with a minimum payment of $50 and no other reoccurring debt.  If we add that to your $780 house payment, we get $980.

                $980 / $2,600 = .38 or 38%

As you can see, you would meet the guidelines for the ratios. However, if you had more debt, say child support, you would not qualify and you would probably need an extensive down payment or impeccable credit to get the loan.

Now we can find out how much you can spend on the house.  Say market interest rates are at 5%, using your $780 per month payment with a 30 year fixed rate mortgage and a financial calculator; we find your maximum loan amount to be about $145,000.  Now that you know how much of a loan you can get, you just need to figure out how much of a down payment you can make.  This completely depends on your comfort level and your funds available.  Most banks like an 80% loan to value ratio, and you should too.  Because private mortgage is required for any loan with a LTV of over 80%, you can save a lot of money by paying more up front.  Therefore, if you use an 80% LTV, you can buy an $180,000 house.  If you can’t manage to make the large $35,000 down payment, you can always have a higher LTV and just pay mortgage insurance.

This just briefly touches on how banks determine what you can afford, but it is good to know. If you have more questions about what I presented here, feel free to leave a comment or give us a call at (800) 741-3710. I’ll have a new article for you next week and I will definitely be touching on this subject again.

How to Improve Your Credit

Now, more than ever, one’s credit score has a huge impact on what they can “afford”. Credit scores play a major role in determining your worthiness for mortgages, auto loans and credit cards. They can even affect your ability to get a job. Many of us, especially in these times, have a few, if not many, negative remarks on our credit reports. Because of that, I am going to give a few tips on how to build or rebuild your credit.

Pay your bills, in full.

I know this is easier to say than do, but it is important. If you can, it is best to pay off your full bill every month. This s good for two reasons; One, when you pay your bill in full every month, you don’t pay any interest and two, it shows that you are well within your spending ability, given your income and credit.

Keep your balances low.

It is best to keep your balances under 30% of your limit. It is better to spread your debt over a few cards than to have one card with a high balance and two cards with no balances.

Pay your bill on time.

This is one of the most important ways to keep your credit in good standing. Creditors do not want to see late payments. This can reduce a good credit score; say 720, by as much as 100 points, depending on the circumstance. We all hit hard time and it can be tough to pay all one’s bills on time, but if you know you are not going to be able to make you payment, call your creditor. There is a good chance they will move back the deadline, but remember, do it early. The sooner you let them know, the more likely they are of giving you an extension.

Don’t apply for a lot of credit.

This is something that a lot of people don’t know, but when you apply for a new credit card or loan, it shows up in your report. Creditors do not like to see a lot of inquires within a short period of time because it is a sign that you are in serious need of money, which is a red flag for risk.

Keep your old cards.

When it come to your score, credit history is very important. The longer you have been using credit, the better; so don’t close your old accounts. It is much better to keep them open and to use them. Each is beneficial for its own reasons. Keeping old accounts open benefits in both credit history and overall available credit. Using those old cards will help spread your debt.

Ask your creditors to increase your limit.

This can be very beneficial because it will spread the gap between your balances and your limits. I recommend asking for an increase every 2 to 3 months. One of the pros of doing this, other than the obvious, is when your current creditors pull your report for an increase; they do a “soft pull”. A “soft pull” is similar to when one checks their credit report and it does not have a negative effect. This is not true of a “hard pull”, which is when you apply for new credit, such as a loan or new credit card. “Hard pulls” show up in your report and, like I stated above, creditors do not like to see a lot of inquires.

Review your report.

The best way to keep your score up is to review your report often. Mistakes happen in credit reports and they can have a huge impact on your score. You can get a free report once a year from annualcreditreport.com and there are many services that will send you a monthly report. Remember, your own inquires will never affect your score, so check it as often as you want. If you are new to credit, I recommend checking your report once a month. This will aid in your understanding of the report, its self, and ensure that you won’t be stuck with any surprises.

Feel free to leave a comment or a question below.

I hope this helps. We are all going through tough times, but remember, good things come to those who make it happen.

Government Doing Too Much

There’s a lot of talk nowadays about how much the government should be intervening with our economy and housing market. Many believe Washington is simply throwing money at a problem and will never solve it. Many also believe that without the government’s help, we would be in a far worse situation than we currently are.

I personally feel that it is time to let everything take its natural course. Let the foreclosures happen and stop of the bailout, tax credits and subsidized mortgages. Clearly, what our government has been doing is not working and spending more money on the same programs won’t work either.

I think the best way to get out of the mess we are in, at least in terms of the housing market is to get rid of the ridiculous lending qualifications to allow able home buyers to find a loan, but continue to keep strict guidelines in lending practices. Meaning, lenders need to be willing to accept applications from less than perfect borrowers, but do their due diligence to ensure the lowest risk.

What do you all think? Leave a comment and let me know.